How Strategic Choice Becomes a Subjective Matter When Used in the Management Procedures of Decision Making Free Essay Example, 2000 words

This research tells that strategic choices are concerned with decisions about an organization s future and the way it needs to respond to the many pressures and influences that often affect its operations. Basically, strategic choices are influenced by the following frameworks namely, Base of Competitive Advantage, Strategy directions, and Methods of pursuing strategies. The strategic choice approach is viewed as an ongoing approach in which the planned management of uncertainty plays a crucial role. In business, the strategic choice plays a significant role if properly implemented as it would allow the business to eliminate certain obstacles that can affect the operations of a business. This is particularly concerned with the way an organization deals with the aspect of positioning itself in relation to the competitors. Key strategic issues have to be identified and dealt with which means that the strategists have to identify the real important issues a strategy has to address. For instance, Nokia and Samsung are cellular manufacturers and these two organizations though they operate independent of each other, they certainly compete for customers worldwide. The strategists ought to position their product in a formidable way that would give them a competitive advantage. We will write a custom essay sample on How Strategic Choice Becomes a Subjective Matter When Used in the Management Procedures of Decision Making or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now In cellular business, each organization can try to develop unique features that would characterize their products and these would add competitive advantage to their products. Basically, it can be noted that the competitive strategy is meant to attract more customers through the creation of a vibrant brand which can attract as many customers as possible in the open market. The Ansoff Matrix can be used in strategy choice as illustrated diagrammatically in the paper. Specifically deals with choices of products and markets available to an organization. For an organization to be successful, it has to make an informed decision about the product it would wish to market to its people.

Children s Hospital A Important Part Of Any Functioning...

Children’s Hospital Medicine is a very important part of any functioning society. A person uses medicine on a daily basis. Whether it is to treat a mild cold or to tame a chronic sickness, we can not live without medicine. Advancements in medicine have helped people live better lives and also dramatically increase life expectancy. During the late 1800 and early 1900s medicine was obviously at a very primitive state. Because of this, it was easier for a sick person to suffer fatal consequences. With how intense the environment was, it was even more difficult for young children to stay healthy. This is the sole purpose of establishing the Children’s Hospital. This hospital was meant to help and treat sick children. This is something of impact because the hospital is dedicated to treating kids and younger individuals. These kids are the ones who will one day continue to develop the towns and cities of this country. Children’s hospital was established in the summer of 1897. The hospital did not treat older children until later; it first began as a treatment option for babies. As with any business, the beginnings of the hospital were small and humble; it began as a tent hospital which offered treatment to kids up to the of five. The cool air in Denver was considered to be a cure for various illnesses. Because of this, the Colorado air and sunshine were the first form of treatment for these kids the hospital actually began with around six volunteers, very small. As the need forShow MoreRelatedThe Beauty Of Dystopia By Aldous Huxley1197 Words   |  5 Pageswarning to what may become of society if the wrong path is chosen. In literary works of Brave New World, there are many warnings that the author Aldous Huxley establishes through events that take place in the civilized world. In this dystopian society we can observe that science is the thriving fragment that holds society together but it seems to demoralize and mitigate human morals and values. It is also apparent that love and family are non existent in this society as sex is meaningless and havingRead MoreBreastfeeding : Facts And Opinions Regarding Postpartum Mothers1508 Words   |  7 Pagesmothers have documented successful breastfeeding habits at the time of hospital discharge (Healthy People 2020, 2013). The view of women breastfeeding has become a topic of interest for society as a whole. Some women feel comfortable breastfeeding whenever their child is hungry regardless of the location, but some people disagree with this action. This is because society views breasts as a sexual part of the body rather than a functioning asset to the mother and child. In accordance with the Health andRead MoreMedical Models Of Health Care Professionals1750 Words   |  7 Pagescentury is the biomedical model. It is an approach which defines health as the absence of disease1, portraying the human organism as ei ther functioning ‘normally’ or else dysfunctional and therefore diseased2. It also believed that all symptoms and signs arise from an underlying abnormality within the body (usually in the functioning or structure of specific organs)1. The biomedical model viewed physician as active, powerful, knowledgeable, and in control of the care process. Read MoreThe Organization s Goal At The Thrift Store1396 Words   |  6 Pages I was fortunate to be a part of the Salvation Army, where I was provided with the opportunity to volunteer at the Thrift store. The organization’s goal is to provide a way for people in the society to purchase donated clothes, toys, books, and household furniture’s at extremely low prices enable to produce funds to support many other ministries, programs, services including food banks, shelters, children s camps, addiction treatment accommodations and charities for the community’s most vulnerableRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Addiction On Children1506 Words   |  7 Pagesparents when they hear their child has been hiding a terrible secret. 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Barriers the public health system has encountered over the years include: changes in the overall health system that support cost containment and improved health, and an increase in the number of individuals withRead MoreThe Wealth Of Nations By Adam Smith1521 Words   |  7 Pagesexcerpt from Smith’s renown book reads, â€Å"[E]very individual necessarily labours to render the annual revenue of society as great as he can. He generally, indeed, neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it . . . he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention† (Harrison, 2011). A simple interpretation of Smithà ¢â‚¬â„¢s â€Å"invisible hand† concept is that the buyingRead MoreUn Dia A La Vez Mission892 Words   |  4 Pages(Barret, J.A., 2011). The goal of the agency is to improve opportunities and open doors for Latinos/ Immigrants. We believe that advocating, civic engagement, and community-based support are important parts of our community-empowerment goal. Un Dia a la Vez mission is to assist men, women, and children in providing adequate health care, education, and skill development. The agency will focus in the Latino/Immigrant well-being and the ability to establish independence. Through community partnerships

Little Mermaid Free Essays

This is the story of a little mermaid named Ariel, who dreams of going above the sea. When her father, King Triton, forbids her to go above the sea, she visits Queen Ursula who her father had banished. Even though she helps her get to get above the sea, what Ariel doesn’t know is that Ursula has plans to destroy her to get revenge on her father. We will write a custom essay sample on Little Mermaid or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ariel uses her voice to get the prince attention. In this paper I will use theories to summarize Little Mermaid movie. I believe Ariel is at stage 6 of Erickson`s theory because she is now at the age where she think she know what love is. Her father forbid her to go above the sea but the love she had for the prince caused he to defy what her father instructed. Ariel was determined and will not let nothing stop her. She went into a stage of isolation everything she did or thought about was revolved around getting married to the prince. She had other sisters and a father but whenever it was time for the other mermaids to sing or put on an show, little Ariel was no where to be found. When her Father learned of her defying his word, he was angry. Ariel took matters in her own hand, by consulting with the wicked Queen alone. Yes granted the wicked Queen Ursula made Ariel human, but at what cost? The cost was her voice (operant conditioning). Not really understanding how she would get the prince to know her because she was unable to talk, Ariel used her looks to entice the prince. She was like some typical teenagers today. Ariel’s father wanted to reinforce a positive behavior (not allowing her to go above the sea, for her safety), but Ariel acted out in a negative way (she went above the sea anyway). Ariel performed a voluntary action to get something she wanted (operant behavior). Growing up as the youngest of her other five sisters, Ariel felt a sense of inferiority to her older sister. They were all able to go above the sea but she was not because of her age (industry vs inferiority, Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development). The feeling of inferiority that Ariel felt was so strong, that she felt the need to go above the see everyday. In Piaget’s theory which states as a person goes through life Ariel was so determined to become a human that she imitated and idiolized what humans did. Each time she woud visit above the sea she would come back with a keepsake that humans used(comb, fork, and even the statue that fell off the prince’s boat during a storm one particular day. This type of behavior How to cite Little Mermaid, Papers

The motives for European exploration Essay Example For Students

The motives for European exploration Essay Europeans didn’t all of a sudden get down researching merely because they could ; there were many motivations that led to European geographic expedition and enlargement in the 15th and 16th centuries. They made people face the unsafe journey to the new settlements. a journey which killed about one half of the people who tried it. Peoples were led by strong motivations. and even if non all were precisely rather as of import to European enlargement. all of them played a portion in it. Taking in head the mediaeval attitudes of people at the clip. faith can be taken as a really of import motivation. This was the major cause for the Crusades in the early Middle Ages. and the spirit of distributing Christianity didn’t dice out. Alternatively. it changed to concentrate on the Muslims in Spain ( eventually thrown out of Granada by the Spanish Catholic Kings in 1492. that twelvemonth taging the terminal of the Reconquista ) . every bit good as on the different folks in Africa and new civilizations in the Americas. Religion took on an of import function as several sovereigns encouraged and sponsored geographic expedition. many keeping they did so for Christianity. even if wealth was their figure one end. Religion. even if of import. wasn’t the major cause. The motivation which most influenced geographic expedition and which was most of import wasn’t religious. but economical. Many people left Europe in order to fly from their poorness in Europe. where the nobility controlled all the lands. In the new lands. they could seek do a new luck. The hunt of spices ( really cherished at the clip. and really expensive ) was besides really of import. every bit good as the hunt for gold. Material net income was clearly what moved most people and made them desire to research. for this in bend led to rivalry between states. as researching states gained wealth in the New World. Of class. other states imitated them. besides desiring wealth and power. It is clear that the desire to turn rich was what moved most of the people into the new lands†¦ Not the desire to distribute faith like a good selfless Christian would hold done. However. the desire for material net income. even if the most of import 1. wasn’t the lone motor apart signifier faith. Due to the enlargement of the Ottoman Turks. Europe was cut off from Asia. This led to a desire to happen a shorter trading path. particularly for the trade of spices and silks. every bit good as natural stuffs that could be used for new medical specialties to bring around unwellnesss. Besides. another motivation to maintain in head was the Renaissance attitude of rediscovery. in which people were funny and started researching. Even if these were of import. and did play a major function in European geographic expedition ( without the openness of head from the Renaissance it would hold been more hard for people to make bold traverse the Atlantic ) . it is rather obvious that the major motivation was material wealth. Peoples saw new possibilities in the new lands. new ways to do net incomes. new untasted lands to settle and get away from their former lives and a new country to derive natural stuffs from. It was money which â€Å"inspired† people and made them travel on. non some sudden strong. low religious desire to merely distribute the love of God.

Personal Story Essays - Sores, Aqua Teen Hunger Force,

Personal Story Yeah ok! All that crap they have in the Saturday Evening Post and all, showing guys on street corners looking sore as hell because their dates are late - that's bunk. If a girl looks swell when she meets you, who gives a damn if she's late? Nobody. Boy, when you're dead they really fix you up. I hope to hell when I do die somebody has sense enough to just dump me in the river or something. Anything except sticking me a goddamn cemetary. People coming and putting a bunch of flowers on your stomach on Sunday, and all that crap. Who want flowers when you're dead? Nobody. It said if you had any sores in your mouth that didn't heal pretty quickly, it was a sign that you probably had cancer. I'd had this sore on the inside of my lip for about two weeks. So I figured I was getting cancer. That magazine was some little cheerer upper. All that crap they have in the Saturday Evening Post and all, showing guys on street corners looking sore as hell because their dates are late - that's bunk. If a girl looks swell when she meets you, who gives a damn if she's late? Nobody. Boy, when you're dead they really fix you up. I hope to hell when I do die somebody has sense enough to just dump me in the river or something. Anything except sticking me a goddamn cemetary. People coming and putting a bunch of flowers on your stomach on Sunday, and all that crap. Who want flowers when you're dead? Nobody. It said if you had any sores in your mouth that didn't heal pretty quickly, it was a sign that you probably had cancer. I'd had this sore on the inside of my lip for about two weeks. So I figured I was getting cancer. That magazine was some little cheerer upper. Bibliography Physics

Hierarchies of corruption in Eastern Europe - Romania essays

Hierarchies of corruption in Eastern Europe - Romania essays I am not a crook, said former president Richard Nixon when he resigned. Perhaps he believed it too. However, the rest of the country knew it was not true. What one believes to be true and what is true, at times could be worlds apart. Corruption very well falls in this category. When corruption takes place, some people know that what they are doing is corruption and is wrong and in most cases against the law. Others not only may not even be aware that they are taking part in corrupt activities, but also believe that their choice of action is in the name of survival, thus making it OK. In fact if the result of the transaction is favorable in other words it lives up to expectations, the players will be quiet proud. But what is corruption? While one may find different definitions depending on the source, and even more so when it becomes a matter of opinion, here is one definition that tries to encompass corruption the best. Corruption is any agreement between parties to act or refrain from acting in violation of the Public Trust for profit or gain in either the private or public sector. The definition leads us to the two different types of corruption: One is when the party taking the bribe will act against the law to give what is expected in exchange, the other is when the law is not broken, but preferential treatment is provided for quicker access to goods or services. The problem with the latest is that, these goods or services are not going to those intended for or deserving them the most, but rather to the highest bidder, thus defeating the purpose of the system leading to unfavorable results in the long or short run. Now that we know what corruption is and how it takes places, the question is why? Why do people become vulnerable to corruption? Understanding the reasons and causes or circumstances of corruption will in turn lead us to understand the pyramid of corruption. One may commit a corrupt act to...

A Review Of Wendys

A Review Of Wendys Executive Summary Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgers is an international fast food chain restaurant founded by Dave Thomason November 15, 1969, in Columbus, Ohio, and moved headquarters to Dublin, Ohio on January 29, 2006. Wendys was Americas national food, and the worlds third largest hamburger fast food chain with approximately 6,700 locations. On April 24, 2008, the company announced a merger with Triarc, the parent company of Arbys. Following the merger, Triarc became known as Wendy’s/Arby’s Group. Wendy’s/Arby’s Group is the parent company of Wendy’s, and is a publicly traded company. Arby’s Restaurant Group, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Wendy’s/Arby’s Group, Inc. This report will be focusing on Wendy’s Burgers of the Wendy’s/Arby’s Group. The main aim of this report is to investigate and analyze the marketing activities of Wendy’s Burgers. What is the Wendy’s orientation? What are t he strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of Wendy’s? What are the competitive advantages of Wendy’s? What is the impact of Wendy’s marketing mix? This report will try to address the above questions and more. INTRODUCTION Wendy’s/Arby’s Group is the parent company of Wendy’s, and is a publicly traded company. Approximately 77% of Wendy’s restaurants are franchised, the majority of which are located in North America. Wendy’s and its affiliates employs more than 46,000 people in its global operations. In fiscal year 2006, the firm had $9.45 billion (USD) in total sales.While Wendy’s sets standards for exterior store appearance, food quality and menu, individual owners have control over hours of operations, interior decor, pricing and staff uniforms and wages. Wendy’s ended 2007 with just under 6000 Wendy’s Old Fashioned Hamburgers restaurants in operation. Of these, 1,274 (21%) were company owned and operated while the remaining 4,662 restaurants were franchised. In addition to Wendy’s Old Fashioned Hamburgers, Wendy’s is invested in the Cafe Express and Pasta Pomodoro restaurant chains, owning 70% and 29% of those chains, respectively. Until 2006 Wendy’s International Inc. also owned the Tim Hortons and Baja Fresh franchises. The chain is known for its square ground beef hamburgers and the Frosty, a form of soft serve ice cream mixed with frozen starches contracted from potato products. The idea for Wendy’s â€Å"old fashioned† hamburgers was actually inspired by Dave Thomas’s trips to Kewpee Hamburgers in his home town of Kalamazoo, Michigan. The Kewpee sold square hamburgers and thick malt shakes, much like the well-known restaurant that Thomas eventually founded in Columbus, Ohio, in 1969. Thomas named the restaurant after his fourth childMelinda Lou â€Å"Wendy† Thomas. WENDY’S ORIENTATION Nature of demand Ov er the century, market for fast food has increased drastically, time being one of the major constraints. A recession in the early 1980s, combined with high beef prices and Wendy’s explosive as well as threatening growth incited the â€Å"burger wars.† Wendy’s moved into the number three spot behind McDonald’s and Burger King, fuelled by its introduction of a chain wide salad bar, chicken breast sandwiches, and baked potatoes.

Marketing services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing services - Essay Example According to the management, the firm has a focus on satisfying the needs of consumers, with the aim of providing comfort, safety and protection and achieving market leadership in all parts of Switzerland. Security is an important issue, and each member is checked for a postal address. The transactions are insured with an insurance charge and there is encryption of user data. Members enjoy a modern, simple and secure website. Members can avail a six-language customer service by phone during office hours, and on all days via e-mail. The management has emphasized that one of the aims of the firm is to make services affordable for all people, and the firm strives to offer its members a high quality of services at minimal fees. Partnerships include major Swiss websites such as www.bluewin.ch; www.romandie.com; www.ticinonline.ch, and ch.msn.com. There are over 5000 affiliate advertisers. The management team includes Heiner Kroke as CEO, Eveline Duschletta as Head of Customer Service, Christian Kunzler as Director of Finance and Controlling, and Luke Thoma as Head of Marketing and Communications. The portal has been successful for over ten years and is the largest and most popular eCommerce site in Switzerland. The site is listed at number three behind Google and Facebook in Switzerland. The success of the firm can be attributed to ease of use, optimal pricing, performance and safety. Safety lies at the heart of the Ricardo.ch site. This is in sync with the needs of 84 percent of users who place safety at the top of online shopping (Ricardo.ch, 2010). One of the services from Ricardo.ch is shops from particular areas. Shops provide over 2.5 M products continuously at a fixed price. Products can be inserted and purchased comfortably on Ricardo.ch. Shop articles can be found by selecting search category and entering the search term. Well known shops have

In the past thirty years or so, which approach has proven more Essay

In the past thirty years or so, which approach has proven more successful for development neoliberalism or neostatism - Essay Example State interventions in markets once developed must be maintained at a bare minimum because according to the philosophy, the state cannot possibly own enough information to doubt market signals and because powerful groups with vested interests will eventually bias and distort state interventions especially in democracies for their personal benefit (Jessop 2007). The neo-statist model seeks to explain the role of the state in the growth of and industrialization process, directly and explicitly. Many of the neo-statist models position the state as having an overarching impact on the social and economic system that fundamentally impacts upon the economic development, through economic factors play one of the key parts. To determine whether neo-liberalism is has been more successful than neo-statist over the past 30 years or so, it is crucial to first investigate their impacts in several parts of the world where they were applied. To begin, lets starts by examining the impact of neo-libera lism on the distribution and production of some basic commodities in Mexico. Mexico is mainly an interesting country in which to scrutinize neo-liberalism, for many reasons (Snyder 2001). First, the present neoliberal reforms in Mexico are not its first experiment with such policies. It is 19th century incursion which concentrated wealth into the hands of few individuals, created such misery and poverty among workers and peasants that it led to the Mexican revolution. Due to the revolution, the country adopted social policies that were aimed at safeguarding the interests of the workers and peasants which included the naturalization of water, land and mineral rights and enacted policies that sought after to enhance industrialization by safeguarding national industries from foreign competition. Second, the present enactment of neoliberal policies symbolize a deep of policies enshrined by the Mexican revolution, this history and vivid spin make Mexico an attractive milieu within which to evaluate neo-liberalism. The World Bank and IMF have used many neoliberal actions and policies tried in Mexico across developing countries. Mexico’s experiment with neoliberal policies holds a vital example not only for budding countries but also for urban ones also. The neoliberal conversion for Mexico has been deep. The Mexican state has been forced to unlock its markets, leave its social programs and privatize most of its state run industries and community land. While this process has been beneficial to some people, it has also proven to be costly to others. Rural small holders have been amid the losers in general as the uprisings, ensuing insurgence and difficulties attest. While small holders were given individual titles to the parcel they worked on state administered community lands, neoliberal policies also eliminated subsidies and credit that made the smallholders productive. Facing increasingly unstable livelihoods many people left the country side to look for wor k in burgeoning cities. The number of undocumented workers increased tremendously due to this migration. While the United States benefited hugely from this cheap labor, migrant worker have become remittances have become Mexico’s second largest source of foreign revenue. Neoliberal policies have also had a profound effect on Mexico’

Sexuality and development Essay Example for Free

Sexuality and development Essay I am going to do an interview on a LGBT community member and disuses how sexuality effects their development. During the interview I will be asking three main questions to the member of the LGBT community. First question is going to be the LGBT member’s self-identify, and then I will ask about the society’s perception of their community and last will be asking the impact of same-sex marriage has had on the LGBT community. Those three main areas will complete my interview with the LGBT member. The LGBT member self-identity is a women named Heidi Young who I interviewed for this paper. Heidi is thirty three years old and has been a lesbian her whole life. Heidi says she can remember back even as far as grade school when she remembers she was fascinated in a special way by a particular girl in her class. Heidi says her thoughts were not particularity sexual she was only eleven years old at the time. Heidi can say that she also remembers having thoughts about this girl and weather not if she thought she was cute. Heidi says she remembers when she would look at that girl that she did fell some kid of pleasure by doing so. Heidi said her self-identity was recognized at an early age of knowing she was a lesbian but did not know how to describe or even tell others about herself identity. She also didn’t know how people would feel about her self- identity .It was the seventh grade when Heidi knew that she was not emotional and never had any sexual thoughts about or with any boy’s only girls she had feeling for and strong ones at that and this is when she knew her true identity of being a lesbian. Heidi said about the age of fifteen she did the hardest part of telling her family and close friends about her identity of being a lesbian and there was no doubt in her mind that she was wrong about how she was. Heidi did not know  how her family and friends were going to take it but she said she had prepared herself for the worst. After she had told her family and her close friends she was very surprised she said on how everyone took it and how they still expected her for her and they did not care about her self- identity and which sexual preference she has chosen to be. Heidi said after telling her family and friends about her identity of being a lesbian and for them to be understanding and not judging her has made her completely comfortable about her self –identity of being a lesbian it was a Hugh weight lifted off of her shoulders now that they knew. The second question I asked during the interview with Heidi was how has society’s perception have on their community? Heidi’s answer was this it is not taken as well as it did when she told her family and friends. There are places that she goes that she says she ends up feeling wired and she will end up leaving the place cause of others that are either treating her different or looking at her different. Then there are place where she completely feels at home and feels like she is accepted for whom she is and nothing less. Heidi said not everyone is ok with the LGBT community but it has become to be more expected and more open with others in the community to where she is becoming not afraid and has started being herself in public or anywhere she goes. She did say though even when she is out with her partner and there are little kids around she does not hug up or kiss up on her partner cause she is not trying to give them the wrong impression of things she said if they are like her they will find their own self-identity out sooner or later in life just like she did. Heidi said for the most part their community has their own spot where they hang out or even having jobs where they work of their same community from those who are straight and do not believe in what they are or what they are doing. The third question during the interview I brought up to Heidi was what she thought about the impact same-sex marriage has had on the LGBT community? Heidi really said she did not know how to answer this question but she will do the best she can. Legalizing gay marriage will help to establish a social norm that includes and respects homosexual lifestyles. Couples as well as individuals in the LGBT community will seem less different from  heterosexual lifestyle, so straight couples and individuals will be more inclined to accept homosexual couples into their communities. Gay marriage will have no impact whatsoever on heterosexual communities, just as racial integration in the 60s had no negative impact on White (the majority) communities. It simply overturned an ugly, immoral attitude that upheld segregation. The same goes for legalizing gay marriage; it will grant the LGBT community a right that has been immorally denied to them. Heidi says her way of thinking about the whole things is this† I think that everybody should just marry who they want. Marriage is about love not whether it is a sin or not. People who are straight shouldnt care; it doesnt affect them in any type of way.† Heidi has said she is glad that they have finally made same sex marriages legal in the states. It will be nice if she ever gets to that point in her life and wants to get married she will now be able to do it in her own state and not have to go somewhere else to get married. As I was getting ready to end the interview with Heidi she said one last thing she wanted to throw in she wanted to say that she is very comfortable and happy with whom she is and no one can ever take her from that. She believe that in time this will be history and there will be no issues with the LGBT community and that their community will be looked at just the same has the straight people community. This completes my interview with Heidi Young who is a part of the LGBT community. In this interview I have talked about Heidi’s self-identity to the LGBT community, I have covered the society’s perception of their community and also the impact same-sex marriage has had on the LGBT community. As this has been a very interesting interview that I have done personally it has been a experiences in my life to set down and for a LGBT member to be able to feel comfortable to talk to me about a few things has been an awesome thing and really has changed my outlook on the LGBT community and have become more understanding of it.

History of the Berlin Wall :: Germany War Wall History Essays

The Berlin Wall separated the people of East Berlin from the people in West Berlin. It separated families, kept people from their jobs, and caused people to die. It was erected in an effort to save East Berlin’s economy, but in the end it did so much more. The fleeing of residents of East Berlin to West Berlin affected the Soviet Union and East Berlin in two ways. The first of which was economic. By 1958, 15% of the population of East Berlin had fled to West Berlin. East Berlin’s economy provided much for the Soviets and among these 15% were doctors, lawyers, businessmen, and other essential figures for the East Berlin economy. The birth rate in East Berlin was higher than the death rate, but still 250,000 people were leaving every year. In 1961 alone, 5,000 doctors, 20,000 engineers and technicians, and 17,000 teachers left East Berlin. All together in the years from 1954 through 1960, 4,600 doctors, 15,885 teachers, 738 university teachers, 15,536 engineers and technicians moved from East Berlin to West Berlin. Besides these professionals, 11,705 students with initial intentions of working in East Berlin left to work in West Berlin after getting their free education from East Berlin. This hit East Berlin very hard, for it needed these potential workers to rebuild the country after the destruction caused by World War II.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Walter Ulbricht, the leader of the East German communist party and president of the Privy Council, was greatly distressed by the fleeing of East Berlin’s citizens, for it hurt his 7 year plan to bring East Berlins economy to the same level as West Berlin’s. Walter Ulbricht ordered regular police spot checks of anyone carrying a suitcase, but this barely had any impact on the number of East Berlin citizens fleeing. Citizens making many trips with very little baggage at once easily avoided them. Ulbricht tried very hard to convince Soviet Union to take over West Berlin, but the Soviet Union wanted to keep peace with westerners. Finally, the Soviet leader, Stalin, backed Ulbricht and declared that West Berlin must be turned into a â€Å"free city† in six months. The Western powers did not comply with these demands and Stalin, after six months, did nothing in retaliation for being ignored.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the six months that Stalin spoke of, the citizens of East Berlin feared their time was running short to flee to West Berlin, so in those six months, more people fled than had previously been fleeing.

A Musical Evening Essay

No, I haven’t been to a musical (lately). But Friday â€Å"my† choir and I had an appointment with, well, the rest of the population here, really. The local choirs (5) and whoever else who wanted to come along, were gathered to sing. The choirs had 2-3 songs each in between, but the rest was pure singalong (not karaoke..). Before going I felt as if I was a hundred years old, because that’s what I expected the average age of the people attending to be – but no such thing. Admittedly, average age was possibly 50, but there was such a genial atmosphere, and fun songs to sing! It was great listening to the other choirs and there was even food and drink. Very un-Norwegianly, people smiled and talked to complete strangers, and I doubt not that the compere was right when he said you couldn’t sing and be a sourpuss. I didn’t feel like a hundred years old, and I even answered when called upon by strangers†¦ I’ll just give you a couple examples of the singalong (as usual, it’s sound only – for atmosphere, the localities where wrapped in semi-darkness). It’s not particularly beautiful, but it’s kind of silly-funny, it’s two songs phonetically translated to Norwegian – Ferje over Mjà ¸sa (= ferry cross Mjà ¸sa, from â€Å"ferry cross the Mersey†, of course – at least it’s about a ferry ride too) and Du kan godt fà ¥ sitte innte meg Leif (= feel free to move in closer, Leif, from â€Å"got to get you into my life† – it’s got absolutely nothing to do with the original, but it sounds like it†¦) Our performance? It wasn’t too bad, actually. We’d had two practice sessions before this evening†¦ The second song (a medley) I won’t go into, but the first one had several people coming over to us afterwards saying things like â€Å"most enchanting of the evening†, â€Å"most special† and â€Å"most true (= in tune) singing they’d ever heard†. I can live with that.

Annotated Refernces list final

Organizational and media stress among professional football players: Testing an Achievement Goal Theory Model This article includes a study that was to investigate media and coach- athletes stress that would be experienced by the professional football players by examining or testing the goal theory model. The study was about 82 football players that had to complete some questionnaires. In conclusion the study shows that the coaches of the professional football players are advised to reduce the emphasis on performance that would reduce the stress.The information in this article is objective because it was all based on some issues that happened with professional football players. The goal of this article would be showing how much these players receive. Hint the article would be useful for me in writing the paper. The article relates very much to my topic which is about stress for athletes, so I will be able to write more about what causes these athletes to have stress. Stress-Related B reathing Problems: An Issue for Elite Swimmers The article talks about a problem that elite swimmers might have stress because of breathing problems.The article showed a study that number of swimmers who have this problem is increasing. The study in the article showed 24 elite swimmers in two different swim clubs in Norway. The study explains that swimmers Will have breathing problems when they have higher intensity in their workouts and going to school above that would cause more stress in their daily life. I believe that that information is all objective because the article showed a study that occurred to some swimmers.

picking cotton essay Essays

picking cotton essay Essays picking cotton essay Paper picking cotton essay Paper Let The Truth Finally Be Revealed Jennifer Thompson was a straight-A student at Elon University in Burlington, North Carolina. She had her life all planned out: maintain straight As, graduate with a 4. 0 GPA, and marry her boyfriend, Paul. Jennifer said frightened Who is that? Whose there? I said, Allowing myself to think it must be Paul, or someone playing a stupid joke (12). Then suddenly she looked and saw a stranger in her room. Before she knew it, she was getting raped. During her attack, she made sure she paid attention to her attackers features and his voice. The rapist began to hiss Shut up or Ill cut you! he hissed, while clamping a glove hand down her mouth (12). He proceeded to brutally rape her, with a knife at her throat. Im afraid of knives. I told him, l cant relax until you put it down. Can you put it outside? On my car? (15-16). Jennifer stayed as calm as possible, trying to remember as many details about her assailant as she could, until she managed to escape. She tried staying calm and having conversations with this man and stayed calm the entire time. When she had the chance and knew he wasnt there she began to run and was shouting for help. As she ran screaming to the top of her lungs a nice family opened the door and let her in. They took care of Jennifer and took her to the hospital. Through an inept summary and analysis of Picking Cotton, readers will be able to understand key points throughout the book, and determine why or why not they should pursue reading the book. After Jennifer got out of the hospital police were all over her case they detectives wanted to find out who would do such a thing? So the police would have to take Jennifer down to the police department where she would meet with Detectives. As she got to the police department Jennifer went down to meet a sketch artist. Once the sketch was done, the lead detective on her case was Detective Gauldin. Detective Gauldin decided that it would be best if the department released the sketch on the local news. Jenifer was told, Detective Gauldin is going to lay down six photos of black male for you to look at. The suspect may or may not be included in these (32). As Jennifer looked at a few sketches she narrowed it down to two sketches. After she got to see a real picture of these men and she happened to pick the sketch of a man amed Ronald Cotton. Ronald had been in trouble with the police before. Jennifer began to say, When I looked at one photo, the image of the man performing oral sex on me came back so violently I thought I would be sick right there. The memory was to sharp and clear. This is the one, while she was pointing to the picture l think this is the guy. Its him, said Jennifer youre sure? asked Detective Gauldin positive said Jennifer (33). As Jennifer picked out the man who she thought raped her police began to look for evidence. The police department had identified, she icked out the one she recognized the best: Ronald Cotton, who already had a less- than-desirable record with the police. When Cotton was told of the charges, he went to the police station to clear his name, but instead he was arrested. Jennifer had to come fa ce to face with a couple of men selected by the police. When Jennifer walked in all she could think about was what would he do to her if he saw her pick him. Jennifer began to say in fear If he was here, now he knew what I looked like in broad Jenifer picked out Ronald Cotton Just like the sketch and picture. The detectives began to ask her Did he beat you? hey asked cut you? When I shook my head up, they shrugged. They were sorry it happened to me, but it Just didnt seem like that big a deal, because it was Just sex (39). Ronald Cotton was found guilty on January 18th, 1985 and sentenced to life in prison plus fifty years, on charges of first-degree breaking and entering and first-degree sexual assault. On top of all the things going on in her life Jennifers love life wasnt going to well either. Jennifer and Paul started to drastically separate slowly. They got into a huge argument over the rape. Their relationship changed so much after Jennifer had been raped. Paul wanted her to move back into town and Jennifer couldnt she never wanted to go back there. Paul wasnt very understanding about it. Jennifer stated, The relationship ended then, although we would continue to pretend it hadnt for several more months (40). DNA testing and eyewitness results can really show a lot and prove that someone really is innocent. Ronald did not really do this crime, and he was living in prison for a crime he did not commit. Keeping faith in God, Cotton underwent an eleven-year ordeal, being transferred from prison to prison. In prison he met a fellow inmate, incarcerated for the same crimes. His name was Bobby Poole, and he even resembled Cotton in appearance. Cotton requested that he and Poole go back to court to appeal his innocence. Jennifer, along with another woman who was raped the same night, again chose Cotton as her rapist and he was sentenced to two life sentences plus fifty-four years. As Cotton languished in prison, Jennifer remained tormented by the image of her attacker. She was eventually able to settle down and marry a man named Vinny. But right as she began to get comfortable, she was informed Cotton had requested a DNA test. Still confident that he was guilty, she agreed. A few weeks later Cotton was freed, after eleven long years in prison; it was Bobby Pooles DNA found in her rape kit, and Poole had confessed to the crimes. Jennifer was devastated, but she decided she wanted to meet Cotton. Ronald Cotton agreed to meet Jennifer at a church and, miraculously, forgave her. Since then, theyVe formed an unlikely friendship and have started travelling across the country advocating actual innocence investigation, hoping to prevent the Justice system from repeating the mistakes of their case. This rape truly impacted Jennifers life in many ways; such s she couldnt control her actions. For instance, she wasnt satisfied with herself and made poor decisions like drinking and doing drugs. Jennifer says, There wasnt much I could control about the way my life was going, but I could control whether I let my rage get the best of me (118). Jennifer tried to change her life around and she started to attend church. At the end when Ronald got released, they met at a church where Jennifer apologized to him. Jennifers father really got onto her about praying. Jennifer says My father and Diane were always on me to go to take up prayer (119). I would truly recommend this book to anyone because the story behind this book is so impacting and touching. You get to truly hear a story that you probably will never hear anywhere else. This book is very fascinating and leaves you speechless; by the time youre done with it all you can do is wonder and think wow I didnt know that could happen. You realize how anyone can make a mistake and how the eyewitness tests work and showed how many prisoners today could also not have committed a police, Judges and detectives that he was an innocent man through DNA and eyewitness testing. I dont think there has ever been a time that someone was able to get away and show they were innocent after being convicted and accused with what Ronald was accused of. The DNA testing showed that Ronald was innocent and the Bobby Poole did this. It is so interesting to see how something like this can occur and how identical these two men look. Jennifer was so sure that Ronald had raped her. She told the police and detectives that she was one hundred percent sure. It is truly incredible to see how our memory can even play games with us. Humans arent perfect and we think we know what we saw but our minds can play games. When Jennifer was told that she was wrong and that she picked the wrong person was probably very hard for her. I cant even imagine what went through her head when she heard Cotton didnt do the crime she thought he committed. When reading this, you Just want to keep reading to find out what happens to Ronald it is very interesting and catching. When finished with the book you think to yourself, my goodness it makes me so happy he is finally shown innocent. Then it warms your heart to know that Ronald and Jennifer become really close friends after all this that happened.

CCEI1220P1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CCEI1220P1 - Essay Example Also, it seemed that Mercy was not aware of what a majority of the gadgets were for as she, at times, innocently threw her toys against the wall, which is simply a way of seeing what would happen to them. She used to trace objects on the drawing paper and the teacher also encouraged her to come up with complete words using the sticky word papers. She also used to produce rhythms with her plastic guns just by shaking it. It was as if the guitar had some ball bearings in it, which produced the rhythm. She opted to play by herself a majority of times, but this was because the school environment was not similar to the home environment where she feels much safer. What Mercy did could be equated to what many other individuals did when they were once her age. She developed a sense of trust with individuals who were nice to her, including her teacher, as well as her classmates. The name of the child that I observed is called John. He is 4 years old and with my five minutes, three-day observation of the child, I saw that he was a very bright student who was eager to learn and discover new things. Some of the activities that the child was involved in was playing with Lego, toy cars and other toys such as dolls and action figures, drawings, solving puzzles with his classmates, sleeping, telling stories and singing dance songs together. John was overly involved with what was taking place around the classroom. All his activities were successful tackled. When John played with his toys, he had such a passion that made other students stop and observe him while playing. He tried to imitate actual situations that drivers get themselves into when veering traffic or trying to park at a parking fool of cars, which made his play so interesting. Also, he made sure that he solved a majority of the puzzles and the ones that were hard to him he sought assistance from his cl assmates and the teacher. John was also willing to work with his classmates to solve puzzles, create nice

Multi-Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Multi-Media - Essay Example ‘Why we crave horror movies’ is a story that uses the genre of realistic fiction to explain the reality behind people and their love for horror movies. It gives reason behind the popularity of horror films in America and explains the nature of the movies. ‘A GPS helps a guy always know where his couch’ uses the art of science fiction and reality genres to explain the role of technology in creating easy movement of people in the modern world as one can visit new places without difficulties with the use of GPS trackers. ‘The fast food factories’ make the use of realistic nonfiction genre to explain the event behind children molestation in the real world. Dave Barry is a famous writer from Chester city in England. He uses his literature skills to emphasize on the importance of technology in solving various circumstances in the modern societies. He points out the importance of GPS in navigation as it promotes ease in movement of people around the world. Barry audience is basically made of people who have an interest in modern technology thus have the desire to know more about the impacts of technology in the current world. In this case, he uses the context of ‘A GPS helps a guy always know where his couch’ to explain one of the impacts of modern technology which is the use of GPS in navigation. King is an American author who draws his inspiration from psychological studies. He uses this notion to explain the circumstance behind American film fanatics and their love for horror movies. His audiences are basically film funs whom he helps to understand the reason behind the love of horror movies especially in America. Amitai Etzioni is another famous writer born in Germany but spent most of his academic life in the United States. One of his best selling literatures is ‘The Fast-Food Factories’ where he target business entrepreneurs as his major audience. His story rotates around child molestation

Elements of Democracy in France Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Elements of Democracy in France - Essay Example Elements of Democracy in France Other arms of government are the senate and National Assembly, which form the legislature and the Judiciary. Existence of different arms of government ensures separation of power, which enhances democracy. France is governed by a principle, â€Å"Government of the people, by the people and for the people.† Citizens above 18 years are free to register, vote or be voted for. Freedom of speech is a measure and foundation of democracy without which freedom is nonexistence. Freedom of speech guarantees everyone right to express themselves differently. It functions best in pluralistic states where different opinions in decision-making. This paper focuses on three democratic elements of democratic, freedom of speech, elections, and separation of power. The paper will assess if the three if the three elements exist in France. Before the 20th Century, freedom of speech was nonexistence in many nations. Critics such as presses were often closed down or exiled. Certain forms of writing w ere censored. In France, the freedom of expression was nonexistence until the 20th Century when the human right groups arose and started fighting for such rights. The freedom of speech became guaranteed after French Declaration of the Rights of man was expanded to include the right of expression.As early as 1881, the France government amended the Press Law allowing freedom of press. However, the rise of incitement led to enactment of Pleven Act in 1972, which bars any form of incitement, discrimination, or racism. Additionally, any form of hate speech against people based on gender, physicality or sexual orientation is prohibited. Currently, France follows the European Convention of Human Rights. The freedom of expression through writing is guaranteed in France where government censorship on written publications is not allowed (Francois, 2005, 17-22). Although the theory of elite, which advocates that the power be bestowed upon the few educated individuals, arose from France, it is no longer practiced in France. In France, the government power is bestowed on the different arms of the government. The executive, which is headed by popularly elected president, includes the prime minister as well as the cabinet. The legislature is bicameral and comprises of the Senate and the national assembly, which are referred to as the upper house and the lower house respectively. The judiciary, which operates independent of the legislature and executive comprises of the judicial as well as other administrative orders in addition to the constitutional court. The powers of each arm of the government are clearly defined by the constitution (Genieys, 2005, 414- 417). Additionally, the powers are distinguished in the constitution. It is clear that the prime minister and the president head the executive, which is at time confusing since the two have different roles. The president appoints the prime minister. The powers of the president include calling for referendum, negotiating fo r ratification of treaties, Dissolving the national assembly as well as requisition for constitutional review if need be. The president is elected through direct universal suffrage in which a candidate requires to obtain absolute majority to be declared the winner. In France, numerous powers are bestowed upon the president, which is attributable to the manner in which the president is elected (Carcassonne, 2002, Web). The prime minister has clearly

Industrialization by Invitation Essay Example for Free

Industrialization by Invitation Essay Did Lewis theory of industrialization by invitation (IBI) lead to some of the social, economic and financial problems being experienced in the region? Discuss your response. Lewis’ theory of â€Å"industrialization by invitation† made a case for the possibility of the creation of a manufacturing sector in the islands in the region, contrary to the ideas proposed by the Moyne Commission. With the overpopulation of the islands, Lewis argued that non-agricultural employment opportunities were required and he saw the manufacturing industry as a means of achieving this goal. Using the theory of comparative cost, Lewis felt that industrialisation would be a viable option for the West Indian islands. He noted, however, that given the fact that that locals lacked adequate knowledge and were relatively inexperienced in this new endeavour, there would have to be a temporary reliance on foreign investors. To attract them, local governments would have to play a very active role by offering various incentives and setting up Industrial Development Corporations. Lewis based his model on Puerto Rico’s Operation Bootstrap. (Rose, 2002) states that by â€Å"early 1960’s the MDCs and some of the LDCs in the region had established the institutional and legal apparatus to accommodate the industrialization development strategy. † There was also an influx of â€Å"foreign capital and visible light manufacturing industries† (Rose, 2002). It would seem, therefore that Lewis’ theory was successful since some economic growth was seen by the MDCs. Be that as it may, closer examination would reveal that the smaller islands did not fare as well in their attempts at industrialization. In fact, even with the success of the MDCs, industrialization by invitation achieved negative results. This was because most of the industries developed as a result proved to be capital intensive rather than labour intensive, thus unemployment rates remained high. The increase in rural to urban migration and the social and political tensions experienced did nothing to improve the situation. The foreign investors did not, as Lewis envisioned, offer sufficient training and assistance to the locals. Instead, they maintained close ties with their own countries and the region was now swept up in yet another cycle of dependency. Consequently, the implementation of Lewis’ strategy can be seen as having some effect on some of the social, economic and financial problems experienced in the region. The fact remains that the countries in the region were forced to compete against each other for foreign investment thus undermining any previous attempts at integration, a situation which still exists today. Lewis’ strategy must not be thought of, though, as being wholly accountable for the region’s problems. In part, this can be seen to have arisen because the region’s governments, in implementing Lewis’ strategy, failed to take into account Puerto Rico’s close ties with the United States and their privileged access to the U. S. markets.

Retail pharmaceutical industry and its challenges

Retail pharmaceutical industry and its challenges In times of global economic recession, retailers will need to be more vigilant in meeting consumers demands to remain viable in the ever more competitive market. Retail pharmacy in Malaysia are faced with unique set of challenges deriving from historical past and cultural practices to consumers lifestyle changes. Therefore there is a need for retail pharmacy operators to re-evaluate existing marketing plans by means of understanding current market condition and observing future trend. Then recalibrate their marketing plans and strategies to reposition themselves securely in the market. 1.1 Objective The report aims to provide an overview retail pharmacy industry and evaluate factors that propel and restrain the market, government policies, sales trends, potential growth and market outlook. Challenges related to the pharmaceutical retail sector will be outlined and assessed, and insights into marketing plans being deployed to tap into available market opportunities in Malaysia will also be discussed. 1.2 Overview : Retailing in Malaysia Malaysia retailing environment has undergone a continuous and marked change over the years. The nation has been classified by the World Bank as a upper-middle income country with middle-income household making up more than 50% in 2007. Between 2004 and 2005, according to the Department of Statistics Malaysia, on an average, the urban household spent 1.8 times more than its rural counterparts that is about USD 735 (MYR2,285) monthly and USD 428 (MYR1,301) monthly respectively. By 2015, according to UN data, the urban population is forecasted to account for approximately 76% of the total population (Euromonitor 2010). Retail sales will likely benefit from this. According to Q4 BMI Malaysia Retail Report, it projected that retail sales will increase from USD 43.65 billion (MYR 153.76 billion) in 2010 to USD 71.44 billion (MYR 251.63 billion) by the end of the forecast period. The key factors supporting this forecast is due to low unemployment rate, rising disposable incomes and a strong tourism industry. BMI forecasts Over-the-counter (OTC) pharmaceutical sales to grow from USD 404million in 2010 to USD557million which translates to 38% increase therefore elicit a positive effect on retail pharmacy. 1.2.1 Retail Pharmacy in Malaysia Malaysia total healthcare expenditure in 2009 exceeded USD 7 billion Figure 1.0, and is projected to surpass USD 10 billion by 2020. Malaysia ranks fifth among the Asian nations in terms of healthcare expenditure and is projected to grow approximately 13% yearly (Frost Sullivan 2008). Retail pharmacy sector contributes 17% of the total expenditure only due to restrictions pertaining to government policies, profession workforce, and population perception. The retail pharmacy sector can be described using organization size and product/service mix criteria. Sole units are comprised primarily of independent pharmacies, usually owned by pharmacists. Multiple-unit pharmacy organizations, or chains, can be divided into small chain and large chain (e.g. 30 or more units). Besides organization size, the retail pharmacy sector can also be characterized by the product/service mix of the organization. Some traditional categories include, supermarket (e.g. AEON), and, beauty and healthcare stores (e.g. Guardian, Watsons). Pure drug store is virtually non-existent in the Malaysian retail pharmacy sector because pharmaceutical products can be sold and dispensed by medical practitioners as well pharmacists. Consequently, this policy does not encouraged the setting up of pure drug store in Malaysia. Therefore, current retail pharmacies stores usually offer both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical product/services to maintain viable in the market. The major players in the Malaysian retail pharmacy scene are large multinational corporations such as GCH Retail (M) Sdn Bhd and Watsons Personal Care Store whereas local companies include Caring Pharmacy and Trustz Pharmacy, and a plethora of small independently operated pharmacies Figure 2.0. In 2009, the multinationals, GCHs Guardian and Watsons collectively dominated 54% of the total market share whilst 46% was divided among local retail pharmacies as shown above (Euromonitor 2010). Generally experienced in dealing with large industries, these multinational corporations compared to the domestic counterparts, have the experties in handling processing, packaging, logistics, inventory management etc. In addition, they have the advantages of economies of scale, retailing of in-house brand, increase in market profit and share, and wider discount parameter for retail healthcare products. 2.0 Current Market Status 2.1 External and Internal Factors Influencing Retailers Marketing Strategies The spillover from the subprime mortgage crisis has badly affected the global economies and Malaysias economy has not been spared too. In 2009, retailing current value growth (CVG) showed a decreased compared to 2008 but still at a positive pace (Euromonitor 2010). In 2010, real GDP growth is expected at 5.7% supported by stronger exports. Increased spending by private consumers as a result of improving labour market conditions will soon strengthen domestic demand (Euromonitor 2010). GDP forecast was reevaluated in May 2009 from 4% to 5% (Euromonitor 2010). Though consumer confidence dwindled, spending on health care continues to be a priority within the consumers household as seen in Figure 3.0. Consumers are still willing to spend a little bit more during promotional period or turned to cheaper alternatives such as mid-priced/economical in-house brands or generic medications. Ongoing urbanization trend, higher education levels and better living standards have generated greater interest among consumers regarding self-medication. This further strengthened the importance of retail pharmacy stores as consumers are able to acquire OTC healthcare, nutritional products and prescription drugs from them. Overall trend of the retail pharmacy sector is gearing towards the sales of generics and OTCs. Profit derives from generics is generally higher compared to branded/innovator products (Shafie Hassali 2008). However, sales of non-prescription products such as OTCs, TCMs, vitamins and supplements are still the main contributor to the retail pharmacys revenue at 79%. Having said so, retailers still need to employ different marketing strategies to distinguish themselves from existing competitors and attempt to reposition themselves as market leaders some successful while some struggled. Strategies pertaining to each of the different type of organizations will be further discussed as follow: 2.2 Strategies Employed by Multinational Corporation The multinationals such as Guardian and Watsons have taken a broad spectrum approach by attempting to diversify from traditional dispensing services common to the concept of a pharmacy, into a wider market segments such as general health and beauty care. The retailers responded by engaging in regular promotions and extended sales period to encourage spending and offering a combination of both pharmaceutical services with beauty care. Rapid expansion strategies undertaken by leading chained retailers resulted in a substantial escalation in the chained store numbers in the nation. 2009 saw a slight improvement in the average selling space per outlet of beauty and health specialist retailers especially in larger shopping malls than standalone establishments. Survey has shown that these are the places where the crowd/consumers prefer. Variety in choices/shops and competitive price products are some of the factors that attracts them. Most beauty and health specialist retailers launch their retail chains in Klang Valley. This is largely due to greater purchasing power among urban consumers. Nonetheless, beauty and health specialist retailers are also expanding outside Klang Valley in order to serve the rising population and growing purchasing power of consumers in East Malaysia and secondary states. Launching of budget in-house brand is to cover a wider range of consumer segment. 2.2.1 Guardian : Target Market, Product Services, and Promotion GCH Retail (M) Sdn Bhd is a wholly-owned subsidiary of a Hong Kong based Dairy Farm International Holdings Ltd. It is 78% owned by the Jardine Matheson Group, which is listed on the FTSE Stock Exchange and also listed on the Singapore Straits and Bermuda Stock Exchanges (Euromonitor 2010). In Malaysia, the company is involved in the operation of Guardian pharmacy, Cold Storage supermarket and Giant hypermarket outlets. In 2009, as a result of its aggressive expansion, 20 new Guardian outlets were added, and promotions including daily specials has boosted the companys pharmaceutical market share to 35% Figure 2.0, occupying the largest portion of the retail pharmacy market segment. Guardian retailing format is gradually becoming popular in Malaysia. For instance, Guardian spearheaded the concept of  modern retail pharmacy by providing professional consultation and service by registered pharmacists, plus holistic health and personal care solution. In response to the Malaysian governments support initiatives designed to spur small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia, most of Guardian in-house brands are source and manufactured locally. Therefore, it is able to offer quality products at very affordable price targeting at all consumer segments and is expected to continue to source and develop wider products range. Guardian is aggressive in promoting its in-house brand products by advertising and promotions. For instance, Guardian dedicated half a page or full-page advertisements in their in-store brochures or leaflets for their in-house brand products. GCH Retails share of in-house brand products has been growing steadily largely due to developing brand recognition as well as the wider range of items available. External and Internal Analysis (Guardian) External Internal Threats Economic slowdown Decentralized marketing function: inconsistent brand image Weaknesses Retracted consumer spending Increased rivalry between competitors Opportunities Import/Export: Malaysian Ringgit vs Hong Kong Dollar Good management: able to respond to market change Strength Change in consumers spending pattern Both external and internal factors how the company decides to operate. The external factors will be same for all market players. 2.2.2 Watsons : Target Market, Product Services, and Promotion Watsons Personal Care Stores (WPCS), being the largest beauty and health retail chain in Asia, is a subsidiary of the AS Watson Group based in Hong Kong and wholly owned by Hutchison Whampoa Ltd. WPCS has been in Malaysia since 1994 and is considered one of the most accomplished personal care chain stores (Euromonitor 2010). Following the successful merger and acquisition of Apex Pharmacy Sdn Bhd in Jun 2005, WPCS has 211 outlets nationwide. In 2009 due to its extensive stores expansion and merger , its pharmaceutical value share managed to increase to 19% Figure 2.0 of the entire pharmaceutical retailing in Malaysia.WPCS still remains the largest community pharmacy retail chain in Malaysia. To support and reinforce its image positioning Watsons employs promotional pricing, selling list prices then running price-off sales periodically, continuous marketing efforts and promotions such as television advertisements, complimentary beauty and health information to consumers, and storewide 20% discount campaign. Moreover, WPCS products are competitively priced and carry quality in-house brand products which are usually cheaper by 20% to 25% below manufacturers brand in the same product range. Its in-house brand lines consist of a large proportion of skin-care products, hair care, OTC healthcare products, toiletries, bottled mineral water, electrical items designed to meet the needs of the mass consumers . To further promotes its in-house brands, it has dedicated more shelf space in-store for them. Coupled with growing brand recognition and wider range of products to cater for all segments of consumers, this marketing trend may continue in future. External and Internal Analysis (Watsons) External Internal Threats Economic slowdown Over expansion resulting in dissipated consumer services Weaknesses Retracted consumer spending Increased rivalry between competitors Opportunities Import/Export: Malaysian Ringgit vs Hong Kong Dollar Extensive outlet coverage nationwide Strength Change in consumers spending pattern 2.3 Strategies Employed by Small Retail Phamacy Marketing model of smaller retail pharmacies focus on establishing good rapport with its customer base by providing individually customized pharmaceutical services for their clients according to their needs and wants, Furthermore, they also provide extended after working hour services for the convenience of their customers, to access to pharmaceutical items and advice. Loyalty marketing is also introduced to maintain or expand their customer base in light of even more competitive environment. This model is gaining popularity in Malaysia and is already established in Europe, Australia and Canada. Specialized services exclusive to pharmacy such as pre-packed dosettes medications (to ensure better compliance to medicine), insulin dose adjustments for uncontrolled diabetes management and methadone replacement therapy for heroin dependent patient, targeting a unique consumer segment is gradually incorporated into their marketing plans. 2.3.1 Caring : Target Market, Product Services, and Promotion Caring Pharmacy Sdn Bhd is a group of pharmacies under one banner collectively shares the same supply and inventory management similar to that of chain stores, however each outlets are independently owned and operated by pharmacists. Caring Group currently have 46 registered pharmacists operating 40 outlets in Klang valley. Therefore giving the Group the highest number of pharmacist to outlet ratio among retail pharmacy operators in Malaysia. With market share of 12% in 2009 Figure 2.0, Caring is fast emerging as one of the most established local community retail pharmacy. Providing extended hour services from the early hours up to midnight proved to be a potent marketing strategy in establishing its market share as it provides time flexibility to consumers. Caring offers professional consultation by registered pharmacists on uncomplicated ailments and medication management solutions such as pre-packed medications for consumers convenience. The group has been actively promoting its pharmacist consultation service. For instance, public awareness talks by pharmacists on health topics such as hypertension, diabetes, weight-management etc. are frequently organized. Launched in 2006, the first pharmacy reward program as a points accumulation and gift redemption card with Malaysias premier multi-party loyalty program BonusLink, enabled Caring to establish closer contact with their regular clients. External and Internal Analysis (Caring) External Internal Threats Economic slowdown Too focused on domestic/localization growth Weaknesses Retracted consumer spending Increased rivalry between competitors Opportunities Change in consumers spending pattern Good corporate core value: pharmacist service for all consumer segments Strength 3.0 Marketing Strategies 3.0 Strategic Recommendation For the Retail Pharmacy Industry Global economy remained sluggish in 2009, likewise in Malaysia. Even though consumer spending has retracted in Malaysia, where healthcare is concerned, consumers are still spending. Retail pharmacy registered an increment in sales of 0.2% for 2009 against 2008 Figure 3.0. 3.1 Marketing Mix Strategy Target consumers Promotion mix Sales promotion Advertising Sales force Public relations Direct online marketing Offer mix Product Services Prices Adapted from Marketing: An Introduction from an Asian Perspective ( Kotler et al. 2006) 3.2 Target Consumers : Population Demographic Outlook and Lifestyle Trend According to United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, in 2007 Malaysias population was just over 27 million and by 2015 it will be more than 30.7 million. In addition, nearly 60% of Malaysian is below the age of 30 in 2007 (Euromonitor 2010). Needs and wants of consumers changes with age. Marketers must use different marketing approaches for different age and life-cycle groups. The mature segment of the population in Malaysia, are usually relatively established in terms of financial, family and home and more aware of their health status. Marketers needs to woo this segment consumer by employing positive images and appeals. This segment will be the key buyers of medical and health-related products and services, including pharmaceuticals and OTC drugs, vitamins and dietary supplements, health drinks and medical equipment. While there will be new emphasis on products for mature consumers, younger consumers will still remain a potent force since they made up half the population in Malaysia by 2015. They are more savvy, health conscious and more willing to try new products thus exercising significant purchasing power and driving continuing demand for the wide range of youth oriented products. Hence, this will spur demand for core healthcare products and influence sales in tangential sectors such as food and beverages, and healthcare services. 3.3 Offer Mix : Product Portfolio Adjustment and Pricing Tactic 3.3.1 Product Portfolio Adjustment Consumers remained largely loyal to established brands mainly because these brands are trusted names that consumers used to purchase or are just comfortable with its effectiveness. Coupled with strict registration requirements in Malaysia for all medicines, either branded or generics, in-house brand is unlikely to perform well in certain healthcare lines such as oral analgesics, cough, cold and allergy but may do well in other health product category. For example, in-house brand such as wound care, vitamin and supplements are projected to grow due to regional disease outbreak and economic slowdown. As living costs, including healthcare costs increases, consumers will be more adventurous to try out economical in-house brand products and self-medicate. Using the pull and push marketing strategy, potential consumers will come to understand the helpfulness of vitamins and dietary supplements as preventative measures against environment, diet, importance of taking balance nutrition and age-related ailments such as joint and back pain, immune systems, osteoporosis etc. Personal selling and sales promotion will be expected to heightened awareness of in-house brand products. Marketers need to expand their consumer healthcare product ranges in order to maintain competitive in the market. Figure 4.0 shows that in-house brand product line will continue to grow. Therefore, marketers should focus on marketing in-house brand products such as topical analgesics, antipruritics, other wound treatments, vitamins and dietary supplements, that enjoy strong demand. 3.3.2 Pricing Tactic Consumers will be shopping around for the best deals. It is not necessary for retailers to cut list prices, but may offer more short termed price promotions, lower quantity threshold discounts, provide credit to long-standing customers, and more aggressively price smaller pack sizes. In tough times, price cuts attract more consumer support than promotions such as mail in offers and sweepstakes. 3.4 Promotion Mix : Conventional Advertising and Online Marketing 3.4.1 Conventional Advertising Despite the growth of electronic communications, printed newsletter and television still play an important role in Malaysians daily life and their pursuit of information and entertainment. As shown in Figure 5.0, printed adspend dominated 54% followed by television adspend at 37% of the total adspend respectively for the year 2009. Major newspapers include three English-language dailies, two Malay-language dailies, five Chinese-language dailies, and two Tamil-language dailies. The Malaysian has a wide range of magazines covering lifestyle, fashion, business, and special interest topics such as fishing, motoring, health and wellness and childcare. Magazines in Malaysia are usually published on a fortnight or monthly basis and are available via subscription, at retail outlets, convenience shops and small grocery stores. Although there seems to be a slight plateau Figure 6.0, conventional printed media will still be the medium of choice currently to disseminate promotional information for pharmacy retailers. 3.4.2 Online Marketing The internet has had a significant impact on Malaysia over the past several years. The number of internet users grew from nearly five million users in 2000 to more than 12 million users in 2007, reflecting growth of 144%. Just as significantly, the household penetration rate of personal computers in Malaysia increased from 13.5% in 1995 to 34.7% in 2007. Tethered with such growth, online adspend recorded 72% spike growth from 2007-2009, and is expected to continue capturing readership share at the expense of printed media, in-line with household penetration rate of internet enabled computers increases in Malaysia. Mobile advertising will be in vogue as internet handheld devices gains market penetration, particularly among the younger population. Advertising platforms such as Apples iAd is a prime example of cutting-edge mobile advertising where advertisements are not just informative but interactive as well. Advertisements of this kind, can be updated real time by retailers with short-term sales promotion similar to Malaysia Airlines lunch-hour flight deals or provide interactive online shopping experience, will revolutionize conventional concept of promotional advertising. Pharmacy retailers can tap into this market and formulate marketing plans unique to loyal mobile shoppers. Conventional in-store consumers are bombarded with too much product information creating confusion thus delaying purchases. Retailers and manufacturers should collaborate to satisfy consumers needs such as using attractive colors and creating simplistic product packaging to facilitate consumers search for healthcare products. Hence, online advertising and internet retailing is expected to increase. This will have an impact on how retailers attempt to reach Malaysian consumers and, in a less significant but growing way, on how Malaysians shop. 4.0 Conclusion Consumers in Malaysia are changing their healthcare shopping behavior in various ways. While many opted for other more economical retailers, there are some who remained loyal to their preferred retailers. They are more comfortable in seeking out deals and using coupons, and will purchase both in-house brands or branded products whichever provides the best value. Definition of value is also changing. Previously, value is often perceived as quality and options, but now this is synonymous with price, value will mean that consumers get what they want at the best possible price. Pharmacy retailers can capitalize on consumers needs by providing increased personalized marketing and shopping experience. Consumers are also seen shifting towards meaningful and unique shopping experience, particularly in purchasing healthcare items. 4.1 Consumer In Charge Consumers know what they want and many will go the distance in search of the best offers; some consumers, due to their lifestyle fluidity simply require products that satisfy their needs. By giving consumers multiple product choices at different price and benefit levels, brands especially in-house brand, can be capitalized by using different marketing strategies to make them to stand out from the crowd. Mobile shopping, will be the next frontier for retailers to venture into as on-the-go consumers will emphasize on shopping convenience and speed of transactions. 4.2 Retailers Diversity and Rebrand to Stay Relevant Pharmacy retailers diversifying into in-house product line need to factor in consumers shopping preference on established branded healthcare products when formulating in-house product marketing plans. Many consumers maintained loyalty to established brands due to familiarity to a product or confident with its effectiveness. New and improve in-house product lines with convenience in mind such as topical analgesics and sachet digestive remedies, will appeal to consumers particularly the younger customers. Retailers may need to revamp certain product lines with new design, improve in-house brand offers and promote them with a compelling ad-campaign, to appeal to target consumers. 4.3 Future of Retail Pharmacy in Malaysia Retail pharmacy landscape is shifting largely attributed to economic changes, the growth of online retailing and more recently mobile commerce. With increasing use of smart handheld devices in Malaysia, mobile advertising and commerce is projected to grow substantially. Retailers will have to employ a multi-channel marketing approach. Online retailing will provide a platform for retailers to disseminate unique and targeted product offers for consumers to research, plan their shopping trips and ultimately attract consumers into stores. Consumers will also look for premium service coupled with simplified shopping experience in terms of product availability and ease of locating the products. Now more than ever, consumers are becoming more sophisticated and informed in making choices.They desire to know the origin of the product, what they are made of and how their lives can be improved with them. In general, future consumer wants a simplified, personalized and meaningful shopping experi ence with a focus on value. In summation, regardless of the organization size and retail focus, marketers must have the foresight to recognize change and take advantage of it by shifting its resources in line with market trends.

beethoven :: essays research papers

Beethoven   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ludwig Von Beethoven was born December 17, 1770. by the time he was 12 he has already composed a published work of music. His public debut was in 1795 which was the same time his first important publications appeared, three piano trios op.l and three piano sonatas op.2. It was claimed that as a pianist, he had fire, brilliance and fantasy as well as depth of feeling. At this point in Beethoven’s life nothing could go wrong, he was on top of the world. In 1802 Beethoven had encountered a terrible tragedy, realizing that the hearing problems he had noticed over the years were incurable and were sure to get worse. By the end of the first decade in the 1800’s Beethoven had many established works, which include the Pastoral Symphony, Symphony no.7 and Symphony no. 8, Piano Concertos nos.4 and 5 and the Violin Concerto, along with many more. By this time Beethoven was firmly established as the greatest composer of his time. In 1808, due to his deafness, Beethoven had ended hi s piano-playing career. After a few years Beethoven started writing what would be know as â€Å"Beethoven’s final symphony† while completely deaf. Symphony no.9 preformed in D minor is considered to be his best work. On march 26, 1827 while in the process of writing the final symphony Beethoven passed away leaving behind a legacy which wouldn’t soon die, as the greatest composer of all time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I first got the Beethoven CD I was a little pessimistic on how it would be. However after the first time my roommates and I heard the CD we immediately made it our study time and sleep time mix. The music although at times may be very powerful, was very helpful in keeping us focused on our work, or just fall asleep peaceful.

Marketing Strategy In General Motors Essay

  EXECUTIVE SUMMARY   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   General Motors Corporation was founded in the year 1908 with its head quarters based in the United States of America. It’s the world’s largest automaker manufacturing over 35 different brands and generally ranked the fifth largest company worldwide with a work force of over 280000 employees the world over. As part of corporate social responsibility G..M has given millions of dollars in computers to Engineering colleges. It has also created joint ventures dedicated to quality of life needs of employees through offering of medical care and other social services. In terms of marketing strategies, the company has embarked on large scale productions to minimize capital under utilization. Secondly, its diversity on automobile make also spreads the risks thus lowering chances of totally risky ventures. Branding has also been the secret behind their prosperous undertaking mostly with the introduction of trendy sports utility makes. Not to be left behind technologically, G.M has also kept up with the technological advancements with the manufacture of electric vehicles as well as the G.M auto racing models. INTRODUCTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marketing strategy is when an organization designs the best combination or package of the traditional 4ps and extended 5ps in an attempt to influence the target market appropriately. There is need to review the current marketing strategy as the marketing environment is dynamic. An effective strategy requires a rich and current database.   An organization should therefore invest in continuous marketing research. General Motors has used various strategies in its growth. Among them are the generic strategies and grand strategies as discussed below.   DISCUSSION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The General motors company has used the above strategies to maximize diversification. The company has used a strategy of using new technology in the market so that it can be competitive in market for better performance and facing new challenges coming up in the world market, like, before the 1970s the motor vehicle manufacturing companies in Europe regarded themselves as competing largely in a home market in which they were dominant. However, the subsequent changes in the motor vehicle industry were dramatic. The motor vehicle industry in general was faced with the problems of an increasingly competitive market in a changing business environment; the need was to match the organization’s activity to this environment in such a way as to   take advantage of such opportunities that might be provided and overcome the   many threats that could arise. Since the environment is continually changing the company makes strategic decisions for better growth of the organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Strategic decisions often have major resource implications for an organization. These may be decisions to do with the disposal or acquisition of assets of substantial value. The company decides as part of the rationalization of its operations to close a plant that is not doing well. Also the company adopts strategy of using new technology so as to achieve economies of scale in production. In other words, strategic decisions may result in major changes in the resource base of the business. Strategic decisions are likely to affect operational decisions, to set off waves of lesser decisions. For example, if the firm decides to rationalize its operations and cut back on manufacturing capacity and the workforce, this may give rise to industrial relations problems. Similarly, strategic decisions about rationalization, which lead to a revised product or manufacturing plan, will inevitably mean that the sorts of day-to-day problems faced by a production manager, or a sales manager, in the company turn out to be different. Again, then, it is important to understand that strategic decisions have wide ramifications across the organization. The strategy of an organization will be affected not only by environmental forces and resource availability, but also by the values and  Ã‚   expectations of those who have power in the organization. According to M.E. Porter (1980) corporate strategy is concerned with impact of external environment on the firm. In some respects, strategy can be thought of as a reflection of the attitudes and beliefs of those who have most influence in the organization. Whether a company is expansionist or more concerned with consolidation, or where the boundaries are drawn for a company’s activities, may say such about the values and attitudes of those who most strongly influence strategy. Making organization mission clear to member, this will serve as strategy.   The company uses its mission statement as a strategy which states that it will stand the best in producing motor vehicles, standing against competition, in terms of technological advances and in terms of its role in society. The company uses this strategy with specific aims as to where the organization is conceived to be throughout. Strategic decisions are likely to be concerned with the scope of an organization’s activities: does the organization concentrate on one area of activity, or does it have many activities? For example, should the firm focus? On a small range of products or, as in the past, have a very diverse range? To what extent should it be integrated backwards into manufacturing or forward into distribution? And should it attempt to compete widely in international markets, indeed would it survive without a wider international role?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   General Motors uses a strategy of matching organization’s activities with its resource capability. It also uses a strategy of countering environmental threats and taking advantage of environmental opportunities; by matching organizational resources to threats and opportunities. Before the company takes any strategy it looks at the long term implication it will bring to the firm before implementation is done. The decisions taken now by the management of the company will have long-term implications on the health of the business in later decades, for instance, a decision to close a plant that is not doing well or to move into another area of activity. Strategic decisions therefore tend to have long term horizons and or implications, strategic decisions are often complex in nature. General Motors has managers who look cross-functional and operational boundaries to deal with strategic problems and come to agreements with other managers who, inevitably, have different interests and perhaps different priorities. This problem of integration exists in all management tasks but is particularly problematic for strategic decisions. Strategic decisions are likely to involve major changes in organizations. The company has a team of experts who make sure that before a strategy is implemented, it has to be developed, and that there should be a strategic vision. The strategic vision is a view of an organization’s future direction and business course. The task involves visualizing the firm’s future position in five to ten years. The task is to inject sense of purpose into a firm’s activities, provide long-term direction, give the firm a strong identity and decide, who we are, what we do, and where we are An example of a strategic vision of an airline business us â€Å"We want our airline to be the worldwide airline of choice.† The strategic vision of General motors is communicated and shared by all those working for the company. After strategy vision has been done, organization move to the next level that is developing organization’s mission.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The company mostly uses its mission statement so that it does not get out its main aim. An organization’s mission represents management’s customized answer to the question; â€Å"what is our business?† A mission statement broadly outlines the organization’s future direction and serves as a guiding concept to what the organization is to do and become. (Cole, 1996). It reflects management’s vision of what the firm seeks to do and become, provides a clear view of what the firm is trying to accomplish for its customers, indicate the intent to stake out a particular business position.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Developing an organization’s mission as the strategy which will involve defining: who, what and where.   According to Thompson and Strickland (1990) who suggested that there are tasks of strategic management which they see as bringing together: setting of the overall mission or goals of organization, the establishing of business objectives and the strategy required to achieve the two above. It helps managers avoid losing focus on the firm’s direction to achieve what its aim that to expand and to grow in the market. Another strategy is setting objectiveness of the organization. The purpose of setting objectives is to convert the mission into performance targets, create yardsticks to track performance, establish performance goals and push the firm to be inventive, intentional and focused. Setting challenging but achievable objectives guards against the following: complacency, drift, internal confusion and status quo performance. Objectives provide a direction to the firm in its quest for realizing the vision and mission and benchmarks for judging organizational performance. The company employs qualified staff as strategy since qualified staff can be able to increase production and high quality hence making the firm to grow and increase its market share. It uses lower costs than its rivals as a cost leadership which will assist to reduce expenses charged against profit, making a firm to have high profit comparing with other firm, by increasing profit the company grow and increase the market share. The company does a thorough research as strategy that is becoming the leader in new product introduction to the market, this will assist to increase sales since no other firms will be selling such new product in the market. When one firm is selling a product in the market and no competitor, this means the firm will be selling at abnormal price hence making super profit and this will lead the firm to grow and increase market share. Overtaking rival firms on quality or customer services strategy will make business to grow. Customer service as strategy involves treating customer with very high respect and integrity, making customer to feel cared for and given good service, this will make the firm to increase the number of customers comparing with other firms and retaining those who have visited the firm, this will increase sales hence organization growth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The company uses the satisfaction of customer needs as its main strategy. Total Quality Management is used as strategy for organizational growth and increase of the market share to achieve this. Once customer requirements have been identified, they need to be translated into standards which can be interpreted and understood easily by employees and clients. One of the major quality difficulties facing service organizations is the defining of service quality standards. According to Ansoff (1984) redefined strategic management as a systematic approach for managing change which consists of positioning of the firm through strategy and capability planning, real time strategic response through issue management and a systematic management of resistance during strategic implementation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Once client requirements have been identified and standards of service defined, it is necessary to define systems which will enable the standards to be translated into achievable processes. To provide a service which satisfies and even delights clients, professional firms need to recruit and train their staff to achieve the required standards throughout the service process. The recruitment and selection of appropriate staff can be used has strategy by organization, as these are the foundation of any quality-conscious firm. The client-centered firm should take into account all relevant criteria and consider recruitment as the first stage in retaining loyal, well-motivated and happy employees. Proper training can also be a good strategy to organization. A professional employee, like any other member of staff, has a limited set of skills which require continual updating in the face of changing market demands and technology. Only by updating these skills using well-developed programs, can professional firms ensure that they equip their staff with the skills needed to respond to future client expectations. Internal communication methods is another important strategy organization can not do without. To ensure that staff members are aware of the importance of clients, it is essential that management communicates, on a regular basis, the need for continuous and organization-wide quality improvement to their staff. To achieve this, there are various internal communication methods available, which include: newsletters; team briefings; meetings; internal customer-supplier workshops; and training key interfacing departments in the main processes and procedures of the supplier and customer activities. To modify client interaction behavior, professional firms can introduce performance-related rewards and recognition systems as strategy to beat their rivals, which encourage client-satisfying behavior, recognizing and praising employees for work well done is not superfluous, but rather confirmation of accomplishments and a reinforcement of commitment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The company also uses financial objectives as strategy. Financial objective are those outcomes that relate to improving the firm’s financial performance such as: – a) Increase earnings growth from 10% to 15% per year.   b) Boost return on equity investment from 15% to 20%. For the objectives to have values as a management tool, they must be stated in quantifiable or measurable terms and specify a deadline for achievement. Objective-setting process should be a top-down process in order to achieve unity and cohesion throughout the organization. Because all managers need objectives the process should be top-down and should follow the following pattern: Start with organization-wide objectives, next, set business and product line objectives. Then, establish functional area and department objectives, individual objectives come last. Strategy-making concerns how to achieve desired strategic and financial, objectives out-compete rivals and win a competitive advantage, respond to changing industry and competitive conditions, defend against threats to the firm’s well-being, grow the business, among other things. A firm’s strategy will actually consist of making decisions about the following: How to satisfy customers, how to grow the business, how to respond to changing industry and market conditions, how to best capitalize on new opportunities, how to manage each functional piece of business and how to achieve strategic and financial objectives. Ansoff suggested a matrix of product market alternatives which has become widely used in basic terms the matrix offered the following alternatives: market penetration, product development, market development, and diversification any strategy to work it has to be implemented. Implementing strategies involves creating fits between the way things are done and what it takes for effective strategy execution, executing strategy proficiently and efficiently, and producing excellent results in a timely manner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Proficient strategy execution will depend greatly on competent personnel, adequate skills and effect internal organization. There are three types of organization actions that are very important: Selecting able persons for key positions, making certain that the organization has the skills, core competencies, managerial talents, technical expertise, and competitive capabilities it needs and developing an organizational structure that is conducive to successful strategy executioner can be done by: allocating ample resources to strategy-critical activities. Organizational units need enough resources  Ã‚   to carry out their part of the strategic plan. This includes having enough of the right kinds of people and sufficient operating funds for them to do their work successfully, instituting best practices and programs for continuous improvement. A strong commitment to adopt best practices, especially for those activities where the potential for better quality performance or lower costs can translate into a sizable impact on the bottom line, is integral to effective strategy implementation, installing support systems that enable company personnel to carry out their strategy execution. Strategies cannot be executed without a number of support systems to carry on the business operations. For instance, an airline may not hope to provide a world class passenger service without a computerized reservation system, a system for accurate and expeditious handling of luggage and a strong aircraft maintenance program, tying reward structure to achievement of results: the company needs to enlist commitment, throughout the organization, to carrying out the strategic plan by motivating and rewarding people for good performance, creating a strategy-supportive corporate culture. The beliefs, goals and practices called for in a strategy may or may not be compatible with a firm’s culture. When they are not a company finds it difficult to implement strategy successfully. The management should stay focused as to what they are trying to achieve in the face of a changing environment and customer needs; otherwise they will not remain competitive in the industry, lowers management’s threshold to change. The management are made to understand that the environment is changing and thus the need to do things in a different way so as to have a competitive advantage in their area of operation, provides basis for evaluating competing budget requests and steering resources to strategy-supportive, results-producing areas, unites numerous strategy-related decisions of managers at all organizational levels. The managers are made to stay focused on one objective and not to make conflicting decisions, creates a proactive, rather than reactive, atmosphere; with the environmental scanning the organization is aware of changes in the environment and hence will take action to take advantage of the changes and prevent any adverse effects on itself, enhances long-range performance; the organization is always to plan for the long-term and its performance is focused on the achievement of long-term objectives and fewer resources and less time devoted to correcting erroneous or ad hoc decisions; this is because all the managers will be making decisions aimed at achieving the set objectives only and there will be enhanced coordination among them due to the existence of strategic management process. CONCLUSION The role of strategic management cannot be downplayed, given the need to align the organization with the changing environment with a view to realizing the long term objectives of the organization to the future with success. It is critical that all departments in the organization be involved in strategy formulation to ease the implementation process. Proper communication of the vision and mission serves to inspire challenge and motivate the workforce hence making organization grow and increase the market share. The General motor company as used the above strategies to grow by obtaining its objectives, increasing market share and market it to stay in the market. No company can grow or stay in the market if it does not use strategies to face challenges which face market industries RECOMMENDATIONS From the above we can say that due to changes in the environment it necessary to change ways of carrying out business. Any company to continue in business it has to change to new strategies, which will include ways of marketing, using latest technology, for example marketing using internet, having qualified staff in business that will be in appositions to employ new skills. It is very important for any company to look the welfare of employee since this will promote employees morale towards the work. Strategy should be seen as the continuous improvement of accompany so it should not forgotten at all costs, it should be seen as the backbone of the company. Since the company is seen as going concern it must be able to implement all strategies for it survive, this can be seen from the above company that General motors. Last but not least every company to compete in the industry must have clear vision and mission statement for its reference when doing business so that the company can stick to them. REFERENCES 1)Cole, G.A. (1994), Strategic Management, DP Publications. Chandler, Alfred D. (1962), Strategy & Structure, MIT press. Andrews, Kenneth R. (1987), The concept of corporate strategy, 3rd edition, Richard D. Irwin. Ansoff, H.I. (1965), Corporate Strategy, McGraw-Hill. Ansoff, H.I. (1964), Implanting Strategic Management, Prentice Hall International Porter, M.E. (1980), Competitive Strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors, The Free Press. Thompson, Arthur & Strickland, A.J. (1990), Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases, Richard D. Irwin.